An elevated blood pressure in the aorta can cause a tear of the intima the innermost layer of the aortic wall.
Ultimately, this allows the blood from the lumen to enter and rip media apart, creating a false lumen.
This tear of the intima and blood entering the media is what we define as aortic dissection.
It usually has a sudden onset with chest pain and back pain, and it is very deadly.
Can you recall how aortic dissection develops?
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Carotid Arteries Leaving the Aorta to Supply the Brain
In a cross section like this, we can see that aorta has a very thick wall and a large lumen to facilitate the blood flow to all the important organs, such as the brain over here, through the carotid arteries.
Can you recall which arteries supply the brain?
Aortic Wall Layers – Arterial Crossection & Anatomy USMLE 1
The aortic wall consists of three layers the innermost layer, the intima, and the middle layer called the media.
The media consists of smooth muscle tissue, and the outermost layer, adventitia, is a connective tissue layer.
Can you recall the layers of the aortic wall?
Rubber Band Liggation For Hemorrhoids
But to cure hemorrhoids doctors can perform a procedure called rubber band ligation.
This procedure has some potential side effects such as pain, bleeding, and inflammation.
Rubber band ligation is actually a first line treatment for grade 1 to 3 and this is a good way to treat this condition because it has a cure rate of up to 87% and a complication rate of up to just 3%. This is where skills and knowledge of a doctor can help solve the problems for the patient. This is not just some pill you prescribe, it is a procedure in which an operating surgeon and his skills have a direct impact on the success rate and the outcome of the procedure.
Infraspinatus Muscle
There is another muscle over here and that is the infraspinatus muscle.
Now, infraspinatus muscle has its origin below the spine of the scapula.
That’s why it’s called the infraspinatus muscle.
Now, the infraspinatus muscle does not attach from above over here, but it attaches somewhat from the side over here.
So once this muscle contracts, it normally performs the external rotation of the arm.
That is basically this movement.