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The clavicle can also be palpated over here. And that’s extremely important when we’re examining patients with a suspected clavicle fracture. But how does a clavicle fracture happen?

Well, the patients usually fall on their outstretched hand or their shoulder, and the clavicle fractures. The clavicle can fracture pretty much anywhere along its length. And if I were to move this clavicle a little bit to the right so I can show you where exactly clavicle can be found, you wouldn’t notice it over here.

It articulates laterally with the acromion of the scapula. And over here with the bone called the sternum. This over here is the clavicle.

Well, anatomically, we divide the clavicle in three parts.

This over here is the distal part or the lateral part of the clavicle.The lateral third, It articulates with the acromion of the scapula. This here is the middle third. And this the proximal third of the clavicle.

The proximal third articulates with the sternum in the chest region. But where in our body can we find clavicle? And where does the fracture happen?

Well, the clavicle can be found over here. If we look closely, you can notice a bone that stretches from the shoulder region to the chest over here.

Even in smaller wounds that are infected with Clostridium tetani, tetanospasmin toxin can travel through the peripheral nerves, retrograde and enter the central nervous system, the spinal cord.

When tetanospasmin produced in an infected wound attacks Renshaw cells in the spinal cord. It causes rigid muscles, and it does so by attacking the SNARE protein.

The SNARE protein helps release the vesicles from the Renshaw cells. And these vesicles contain GABA and glycine, which help prevent spasms and rigidity in the muscles. Even a small wound infected with Clostridium tetani can cause life threatening breathing problems and spasms so strong that the spine and bones fracture.

Staphylococcus aureus.

Gram positive bacteria usually known for infecting hair follicles can also infect wounds.
This can be recognized by spreading redness around the wound that is painful.
Furthermore, yellow pus could be present and from there, bacteria can spread across the body and attack different organs in a condition called sepsis.

This condition is deadly.

So those were some inflammatory conditions that could explain joint pain, and other symptoms, that patients experience. But they all had one thing in common “negative rheumatoid Factor”. But you know what has positive rheumatoid Factor? Rheumatoid arthritis. Now try to answer, in what type of arthritis is rheumatoid Factor positive?